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高性能聚合物在 HPC 和數(shù)據(jù)中心應(yīng)用中的使用 - 塑料在液體冷卻系統(tǒng)中成為可行、可靠的選擇
The Use of High-Performance Polymers in HPC and Data Center Applications - Plastics advance as viable, reliable option in liquid cooling systems

By Elizabeth Langer
Technical Lead Thermal Management CPC

隨著計(jì)算能力和密度（以及它們產(chǎn)生的熱量）的增加，液體冷卻正在成為高性能計(jì)算和數(shù)據(jù)中心應(yīng)用中首選的熱管理方法。 液體冷卻可以有效地管理熱量，提高能源效率，并且今天的系統(tǒng)足夠強(qiáng)大，可以使用而不必?fù)?dān)心損壞電子設(shè)備。

Liquid cooling is emerging as the thermal management approach of choice in high performance computing and data center applications as computing power and densities—and the heat they generate— increase. Liquid cooling manages heat effectively, improves energy efficiency,and today’s systems are sufficiently robust to allow use without fear of damaging electronics.

然而，這并不意味著系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)完全優(yōu)化。 快速發(fā)展的高性能計(jì)算生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的參與者通常處于使用手頭的工具和系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行部署的位置。 這方面的例子包括：

This does not mean systems are fully optimized yet, however. Players in the rapidly evolving high-performance computing ecosystem often have been in the position of deploying with the tools and systems at hand. Examples of this include:

使用空氣冷卻系統(tǒng)，即使它們?cè)诟呃�用率下充分散熱的能力受到挑�?zhàn)。
在計(jì)算的液體冷卻系統(tǒng)中使用初為其他行業(yè)制造的組件（例如，用于建筑液壓的重型球和套筒連接器）。

Use of air-cooling systems, even as they are challenged in their ability to dissipate heat adequately under high utilization rates.
Use of components originally built for other industries—e.g., heavy-duty ball-and-sleeve connectors used in construction hydraulics—in liquid cooling systems for computing.

HPC 和數(shù)據(jù)中心市場(chǎng)的增長(zhǎng)導(dǎo)致整個(gè)供應(yīng)鏈的公司投入研發(fā)資金來(lái)推進(jìn)液體冷卻業(yè)務(wù)。 系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的組件，包括關(guān)鍵的快速斷開裝置，旨在改進(jìn)形式和功能。 熱工程師可以使用一系列不斷擴(kuò)大的前沿解決方案、創(chuàng)新方法和新材料來(lái)解決液體冷卻方面的緊迫需求。 高性能聚合物就是一個(gè)這樣的例子。

The growth of HPC and data center markets has led companies throughout the supply chain to invest R & D dollars to advance liquid cooling operations. Components within the systems, including critical quick disconnects, are targeted for improvement in both form and function. An expanding array of leading edge solutions, innovative approaches and new materials is available to thermal engineers to address urgent needs in liquid cooling. High-performance performance polymers represent one such example.

高性能聚合物改變了對(duì)液體冷卻塑料的看法

液體冷卻系統(tǒng)中的聚合物組件之所以有吸引力，有以下幾個(gè)原因： 它們重量輕，通常比金屬同類產(chǎn)品便宜，并且不受腐蝕，腐蝕會(huì)導(dǎo)致部件無(wú)法操作或?qū)⑺樾家�入流�?dòng)路徑。 然而，迄今為止使用的許多聚合物面臨的挑戰(zhàn)是它們能夠在不變形、開裂或蠕變的情況下處理高溫和物理壓力源。當(dāng)發(fā)生泄漏時(shí)，這些缺點(diǎn)會(huì)變得很嚴(yán)重，從而導(dǎo)致停機(jī)或損壞設(shè)備。

HIGH-PERFORMANCE POLYMERS CHANGE THE VIEW OF PLASTICS IN LIQUID COOLING

Polymer components in liquid cooling systems are attractive for several reasons: they are lightweight, typically less expensive than metal counterparts, and are impervious to corrosion that can render parts inoperable or introduce debris into flow paths. The challenges with many polymers used to date, however, are their abilities to handle high temperatures and physical stressors without deforming, cracking or creeping.These shortcomings become significant when leaks occur, leading to downtime or damage to equipment.

由于這些缺陷，HPC 制造商和數(shù)據(jù)中心運(yùn)營(yíng)商通常默認(rèn)使用金屬（不銹鋼或黃銅）快速斷開 (QD) 來(lái)滿足其液體冷卻需求。 全金屬或金屬塑料混合選項(xiàng)在承受粗暴處理和長(zhǎng)時(shí)間保持材料穩(wěn)定性方面表現(xiàn)良好。 雖然耐用，但全金屬量子點(diǎn)很容易受到腐蝕。 它們的觸感也很熱，為設(shè)備的熱插拔帶來(lái)了新的意義。 使用它們的系統(tǒng)需要過(guò)濾和定期的流體維護(hù)，以清除由于腐蝕而產(chǎn)生的潛在碎屑。

As a result of these deficiencies, both HPC manufacturers and data center operators often default to metal (stainless steel or brass) quick disconnects (QDs) for their liquid cooling needs. All-metal or metalplastic hybrid options perform well in terms of withstanding rough handling and maintaining material stability for long periods of time. Though durable, all-metal QDs are vulnerable to corrosion. They’re also hot to the touch bringing new meaning to hot-swapping of equipment. Systems using them require filtration and periodic fluid maintenance to clear out potential debris due to corrosion.

由金屬主體和塑料內(nèi)部閥門組成的混合連接器可以解決其中的一些挑戰(zhàn)。 這些 QD 具有金屬的強(qiáng)度、耐用性和美觀特性，同時(shí)避免了關(guān)鍵防溢閥系統(tǒng)中的腐蝕和隨后的性能下降。

Hybrid connectors comprised of metal bodies and plastic interior valves work around some of these challenges. These QDs offer the strength, durability and aesthetic characteristics of metal while avoiding corrosion—and subsequent performance degradation—in critical nonspill valve systems.

快速接頭的下一個(gè)進(jìn)化發(fā)展提供了塑料的優(yōu)點(diǎn)——重量輕、成本低、防腐蝕和無(wú)冷凝——具有與金屬相當(dāng)?shù)膱?jiān)固性水平。 與這些能力相關(guān)的材料是聚苯砜，PPSU。

The next evolution in QDs delivers the benefits of plastics—light weight, lower cost, anti-corrosion and condensation-free—with a level of robustness on par with metals. The material associated with these capabilities is polyphenylsulfone, PPSU.

PPSU 由通過(guò)砜 (SO2) 和醚部分連接的亞苯基芳環(huán)組成。 這種獨(dú)特的化學(xué)成分促進(jìn)了增強(qiáng)的性能特性，特別適合液體冷卻應(yīng)用的需求。 鑒于溫水冷卻系統(tǒng)的新興流行，聚合物的耐水解性是一個(gè)重要因素。 苯砜和醚基均能抵抗水水解，顯著提高了 PPSU 在水冷卻回路中的整體水解穩(wěn)定性，進(jìn)而提高了可靠性。 具有可水解鍵的聚合物在熱水環(huán)境中可能存在嚴(yán)重性能退化的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 機(jī)械韌性和抗沖擊性也應(yīng)該是液體冷卻系統(tǒng)中量子點(diǎn)的關(guān)鍵考慮因素； 由于苯醚基團(tuán)和其他砜（如 PSU 或 PES）中不存在的額外聯(lián)苯鍵，PPSU 具有獨(dú)特的資質(zhì)，可提供出色的強(qiáng)度和耐用性以及抗沖擊性。

PPSU is comprised of phenylene-based aromatic rings linked by sulfone (SO2) and ether moieties. This unique chemistry promotes enhanced performance characteristics that are particularly well suited for the demands of liquid cooling applications. Given the emerging prevalence of warm water cooling systems, polymer resistance to hydrolysis is an important factor. Both phenylene sulfone and ether groups being resistant to aqueous hydrolysis significantly increases the overall hydrolytic stability, and in turn reliability, of PPSU in water cooling loops. Polymers with hydrolysable links may be at risk for severe property degradation in hot water environments. Mechanical toughness and impact resistance should also be key onsiderations for QDs in liquid cooling systems; PPSU is uniquely qualified to provide excellent strength and durability as well as impact resistance due to the phenylene ether groups and the additional biphenylene link not present in other sulfones such as PSU or PES.

優(yōu)異的耐熱性與聚苯砜的高彎曲和拉伸強(qiáng)度、優(yōu)異的水解穩(wěn)定性和廣泛的化學(xué)相容性相結(jié)合。 重復(fù)的砜基團(tuán)增強(qiáng)了聚合物出色的熱氧化穩(wěn)定性。 長(zhǎng)期暴露在廣泛的溫度范圍內(nèi)是液體冷卻系統(tǒng)中材料選擇的關(guān)鍵考慮因素。 可以通過(guò)多種方式表征基礎(chǔ)樹脂的熱老化效應(yīng)，但通常通過(guò)報(bào)告相對(duì)熱指數(shù) (RTI)。 該指數(shù)為設(shè)計(jì)師提供了一個(gè)有時(shí)限的數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)，在該數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)上，材料仍將保留 50% 的原始屬性。 在 ABS 等商品塑料的 RTI 大約為 50°C 的情況下，PPSU 在連續(xù)暴露 100,000 小時(shí)后產(chǎn)生的機(jī)械 RTI 為 160°C。

Exceptional heat resistance joins polyphenylsulfone’s high flexural and tensile strength, excellent hydrolytic stability and broad chemical compatibility. Repeating sulfone groups reinforce the outstanding thermo-oxidative stability of the polymer. Long-term exposure to a wide range of temperatures is a key consideration of materials selection in liquid cooling systems. Thermal aging effects can be characterized for base resins in a variety of ways, but commonly by reporting a Relative Thermal Index (RTI). This index gives designers a timebound data point at which the material will still have retained 50% of its original properties. Where a commodity plastic such as ABS may have an approximate RTI of 50°C, PPSU yields a mechanical RTI of 160°C after 100,000 hours of continuous exposure.

在為液體冷卻應(yīng)用指定快速斷開連接時(shí)，熱力工程師和數(shù)據(jù)中心運(yùn)營(yíng)商擁有一個(gè)新的、強(qiáng)大且可靠的選項(xiàng)：PPSU QD。 在尋求防腐和耐用、可靠的性能時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮 PPSU QD。 CPC 的 PLQ2 系列提供了這些性能要求以及： 佳流速； 高流量/低壓降能力； 在壓力下斷開而不泄漏； 低調(diào)、符合人體工程學(xué)的設(shè)計(jì)允許單手連接并在狹小空間內(nèi)輕松安裝； 和一個(gè)多瓣密封件，可在長(zhǎng)時(shí)間連接期間提供冗余保護(hù)以防止泄漏和持久的形狀保持。

In specifying quick disconnects for liquid cooling applications, thermal engineers and data center operators possess a new, robust and reliable option: PPSU QDs. PPSU QDs should be considered when seeking anti-corrosion and durable, reliable performance. CPC’s PLQ2 Series delivers these performance requirements along with: optimal flow rates; high-flow/low pressure drop capacity; disconnection under pressure without leaks; a low-profile, ergonomic design allowing one-handed connection and easy installation in tight spaces; and a multilobed seal for redundant protection against leakage and lasting shape retention during extended periods of connection.

CPC 提供業(yè)界首款 PPSU QD，專為 HPC 和數(shù)據(jù)中心的液體冷卻應(yīng)用而設(shè)計(jì)。 客戶依靠 CPC 工程專業(yè)知識(shí)來(lái)確保他們的產(chǎn)品和系統(tǒng)提供持久、高效、無(wú)泄漏和可靠的性能。 憑借包括定制產(chǎn)品在內(nèi)的廣泛解決方案，CPC 連接器可滿足苛刻應(yīng)用的要求。 如需更多信息，請(qǐng)?jiān)L問(wèn)：cpcworldwide.com/liquid-cooling。 或聯(lián)系 我們的一位熱管理/液體冷卻工程師在：詢問(wèn)我們的工程師。

CPC offers the industry’s first PPSU QD, purpose-built for liquid cooling use in HPC and data centers. Customers rely on CPC engineering expertise to ensure their products and systems deliver long-lasting, efficient, leak-free and reliable performance. With a broad range of solutions including custom products, CPC connectors handle the requirements of even the most demanding applications. For more information visit: cpcworldwide.com/liquid-cooling. Or contact one of our thermal management/liquid cooling engineers at: Ask Our Engineers.

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